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Klaudiani (Claudius Claudianus, i njohur n? anglisht si Claudian, lindur rreth vitit 370 - vdekur rr. v. 404), ishte nj? poet latin i lidhur me oborrin e perandorit romak Honorius n? Mediolanum (Milano), dhe n? ve?anti me gjeneralin Stilikon.[1] Vepra e tij, e shkruar pothuajse t?r?sisht n? hekzametra ose ?ifte elegjiake, ndahet n? tre kategori kryesore: poema p?r Honorin, poema p?r Stilikonin dhe epika mitologjike.[2]
Klaudiani, duke qen? se ishte n?n ndikimin e shkoll?s aleksandrine, shkroi nj? num?r t? madh idilesh, epigramesh e poemash me p?rmbajtje mitologjike. Poezit? e tij me tematik? historike, p?rmbajn? nj? material t? pasur historik dhe japin me sakt?si dhe besnik?ri t? madhe t? gjitha ngjarjet e koh?s. Disa nga poemat e tij formojn? nj? burim t? r?nd?sish?m p?r historin? e ilir?ve n? vitet 395-404 dhe ve?an?risht p?r pasojat e dyndjeve t? fiseve barbare n? Iliri.
Jeta
[Redakto | Redakto n?p?rmjet kodit]
Klaudiani ka lindur n? Aleksandri, nd?rsa mb?rriti n? Rom? n? vitin 394 dhe la shenj?n e tij si poet oborrortar me nj? eulogji t? dy patron?ve t? tij t? rinj, Probinus dhe Olybrius, konsuj t? vitit 395.[3] Ai shkroi nj? num?r panegjirik?sh n? konsullat?n e klient?ve t? tij, poezi lavd?ruese p?r b?mat e Stilikonit dhe shpifje drejtuar rival?ve t? Stilikonit, n? oborrin lindor t? Arkadit.
Dihet pak p?r jet?n e tij personale, por duket se ai ishte nj? pagan i bindur: Agustini i referohet atij si 'kund?rshtari i emrit t? Krishtit' (Civitas Dei, V, 26), dhe Paul Orosius e p?rshkruan at? si nj? 'pagan kok?fort?' (paganus pervicassimus) n? vepr?n e tij me titull Adversus paganos historiarum libri septem (VII, 55).
Ai u shp?rblye mir? p?r angazhimin e tij politik. N? fakt, atij iu dha grada vir illustris. Senati Romak e nderoi at? me nj? statuj? n? Forumin Romak n? vitin 400.[4] Gruaja e Stilikonit, Serena, i siguroi atij nj? grua t? pasur.[5]
Meqen?se asnj? nga poemat e Klaudianit nuk i regjistron arritjet e Stilikonit pas vitit 404, studiuesit supozojn? se Klaudiani vdiq n? at? vit. Veprat e tij nuk japin nj? rr?fim p?r pla?kitjen e Rom?s, nd?rsa shkrimet e Olimpiodorit t? Teb?s jan? redaktuar dhe b?r? t? njohura vet?m n? disa fragmente, q? nisin nga vdekja e Stilikonit.[7]
Veprat
[Redakto | Redakto n?p?rmjet kodit]- Panegyricus dictus Probino et Olybrio consulibus
- De raptu Proserpinae (epik? e pap?rfunduar, 3 libra t? p?rfunduar)
- In Rufinum ("Kund?r Rufinit")
- De Bello Gildonico ("Mbi Luft?n Gildonike")
- In Eutropium ("Kund?r Eutropit")
- Fescennina / Epithalamium de Nuptiis Honorii Augusti
- Panegyricus de Tertio Consulatu Honorii Augusti
- Panegyricus de Quarto Consulatu Honorii Augusti
- Panegyricus de Consulatu Flavii Manlii Theodori
- De Consulatu Stilichonis
- Panegyricus de Sexto Consulatu Honorii Augusti
- De Bello Gothico ("Mbi Luft?n Gotike" t? viteve 402–403)
- Gigantomachy
- Epigrams
- Poema m? t? vogla: Phoenix, Epithalamium Palladio et Celerinae; de Magnete}; de Crystallo cui aqua inerat
Shih edhe
[Redakto | Redakto n?p?rmjet kodit]- Let?rsia e vjet?r greke e romake
- Personalitete nga antika dhe mesjeta
- Teodosi I
- Arkadi
- Teodosi II
- Avienusi
- Eutropi
- Olimpiodori i Teb?s
- Aurel Viktori
- Amian Marcelini
- Pompon Mela
- Apiani
- Tit Livi
- Dion Kasi
- Agostini
- Orosius
- Iliriku
- Antikiteti i von?
- Perandoria Romake
- Perandoria Romake Per?ndimore
Referencat
[Redakto | Redakto n?p?rmjet kodit]- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, red. (1911). "Claudianus, Claudius". Encyclop?dia Britannica (n? anglisht). V?ll. 6 (bot. i 9-t?). Cambridge University Press. fq. 463–464.
- ^ Gian Biagio Conte (1994) [1987]. Latin Literature: A History (n? anglisht). Johns Hopkins University Press. fq. 658.
- ^ Michael Roberts (2001). "Rome Personified, Rome Epitomized: Representations of Rome in the Poetry of the Early Fifth Century". The American Journal of Philology (n? anglisht). 122 (4): 533.
- ^ Gian Biagio Conte (1994) [1987]. Latin Literature: A History (n? anglisht). Johns Hopkins University Press. fq. 657–659.
- ^ Barnes, Michael H. (2009). "Claudian". p?rmbledhur nga Foley, John Miles (red.). A Companion to Ancient Epic (n? anglisht). Wiley-Blackwell. fq. 541. ISBN 978-140518838-8.
- ^ Amy Golahny, "Rembrandt's Abduction of Proserpina," in The Age of Rembrandt: Studies in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Painting (Penn State Press, 1988), fq. 31ff.
- ^ Sass, Katie Lynn (1 janar 2012). Alaric: King of Visigoths and Tool of Romans (pdf) (n? anglisht). Marquette University. fq. 2. OCLC 855973352. Marr? m? 28 qershor 2021.[lidhje e vdekur]
Literatura
[Redakto | Redakto n?p?rmjet kodit]- Barnes, Michael H. 2005. "Claudian." In A Companion to Ancient Epic. Edited by John Miles Foley, 539–549. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Cameron, A. 1970. Claudian. Poetry and Propaganda at the Court of Honorius. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Cameron, A. 2015. Wandering Poets and Other Essays on Late Greek Literature and Philosophy. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
- Christiansen, P. G. 1997. "Claudian: A Greek or a Latin?" Scholia 6:79–95.
- Ehlers, Widu-Wolfgang, editor. 2004. Aetas Claudianea. Eine Tagung an der Freien Universit?t Berlin vom 28. bis 30. Juni 2002 München/Leipzig: K.G. Saur.
- Fletcher, David T. “Whatever Happened to Claudius Claudianus? A Pedagogical Proposition.” The Classical Journal, vol. 104, no. 3, 2009, pp. 259–273.
- Gruzelier, C. E. “Temporal and Timeless in Claudian's 'De Raptu Proserpinae'.” Greece & Rome, vol. 35, no. 1, 1988, pp. 56–72.
- Guipponi-Gineste, Marie-France. 2010. Claudien: poète du monde à la cour d'Occident. Collections de l'Université de Strasbourg. études d'archéologie et d'histoire ancienne. Paris: De Boccard.
- Long, J. 1996. "Juvenal Renewed in Claudian's "In Eutropium"." International Journal of the Classical Tradition 2.3: 321-335.
- Luck, Georg. 1979. "Disiecta Membra: On the Arrangement of Claudian’s Carmina Minora." Illinois Classical Studies 4: 200–213.
- Martiz, J.A. 2000. "The Classical Image of Africa: The Evidence from Claudian." Acta Classica 43: 81–99.
- Miller, P.A. 2004. Subjecting Verses: Latin Love Elegy and the Emergence of the Real. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Mulligan, B. 2007. "The Poet from Egypt? Reconsidering Claudian's Eastern Origin." Philologus 151.2: 285–310.
- Parkes, Ruth. 2015. "Love or War? Erotic and Martial Poetics in Claudian's De Raptu Proserpinae." The Classical Journal 110.4: 471–492.
- Ratti, S. 2008. "Une lecture religieuse des invectives de Claudien est-elle possible?" AnTard 16: 177–86.
- Roberts, Michael. “Rome Personified, Rome Epitomized: Representations of Rome in the Poetry of the Early Fifth Century.” The American Journal of Philology, vol. 122, no. 4, 2001, pp. 533–565.
- Wasdin, Katherine. 2014. "Honorius Triumphant: Poetry and Politics in Claudian's Wedding Poems." Classical Philology 109.1: 48–65.
- Ware, Catherine. 2012. Claudian and the Roman Epic Tradition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
- Wheeler, Stephen M. 1995. "The Underworld Opening of Claudian’s De Raptu Proserpinae." Transactions of the American Philological Association 125:113–134.
Lidhje t? jashtme
[Redakto | Redakto n?p?rmjet kodit]
- Works by Claudian - Project Gutenberg
- Full Latin text on Divus Angelus Arkivuar 4 mars 2016 tek Wayback Machine
- Complete Latin text and English translation (Platnauer, 1922), at LacusCurtius, Bill Thayer's edition
- Michael Hendry, critical edition (Latin Arkivuar 22 janar 2013 tek Wayback Machine)